It is demonstrated that twinning is the primary deformation mechanism and hardening mechanism at the initial stage of warm deformation.

结果表明：在温变形的初始阶段，孪生为主要的变形机理和硬化机制。

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In the strain-hardening stage, an effective precursor can be observed from the future earthquake source.

在应变硬化阶段，可以从未来震源观测到前兆剪切应变率异常条带。

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At the oxidation wear stage, certain degree of cold deformation can improve the wear resistance of the alloy because of work hardening.

在氧化磨损阶段，由于加工硬化提高了合金的硬度和强度，对合金施以一定程度的冷变形可有效地提高其耐磨性。

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